Anne Marie Frank (1929 - bef. 1945)

Ancestors

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Family 1.2 The Diary of a Young Girl 1.3 Legacy 2 Sources

Biography

Anne Frank is renowned for telling the story of the Holocaust through the eyes of a young Jewish girl hiding from Nazi persecution; she wrote in her diary from 12 June 1942 to 1 August 1944, and it was published after her death.

Family

Born Annelies Marie Frank on 12 June 1929, to Otto Frank and Edith Holländer in the city of Frankfurt in Weimar, Germany, ^[1][2][3] most of Anne's life was spent in or near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands.^[3][1]

The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam in 1933, the year the Nazis gained control over Germany.^[2] Unfortunately, by May 1940, they were trapped in Amsterdam by the German occupation of the Netherlands.^[2] Though born a German national, Frank lost her citizenship in 1941.^[2]

By July 1942, persecutions of the Jewish population had increased and the family went into hiding in some concealed rooms in the building where Anne's father worked.^[4][3] Two years later, the group was believed to have been betrayed by someone who knew where they were,^[5] and then transported to concentration camps. ^[6][5] Anne and her sister, Margot, were eventually transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they died most likely of typhus.^[7][5][4] Sources for the dates of death of Anne and Margot Frank have never been conclusive. However, the estimation given on their official death certificates, dated by the Committee for the Reporting of the Decease of Missing Persons was 31 March 1945.^[7][5] The Anne Frank House estimates it may have been February. ^[8][7][9] Only a few weeks later, the camp was emancipated by the British.^[5]

The Diary of a Young Girl

The diary of Anne Frank documents her experiences leading up to and during her hiding during World War II.^[5][10] The blank diary, actually an autograph book given to her as a present on her 13th birthday, chronicles her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944, just three days before the family was found.^{[11][2][5][10]} She would go on to use whatever she could write on-other journals and loose paper, to continue her story.^[5] Much of the diary was addressed to others-often to "Kitty", the name of her diary.^[3][5]

Anne's diary gave detail about growing up in that time that few others could give. She spoke of the usual curiosity of a teenage girl, like disagreements with her mother and kissing,^[5][10][3] but also of the worry over the lack of food, the fear of being found, and the difficulty in living in such tight, hidden quarters.^[10][3]

Otto Frank, Anne's father and the only survivor of the family, returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that Anne's diary had been saved, and his efforts led to its publication in 1947.^[11][10][5] In his own memoir, he noted the painful process of reading through her diary and remembering the events she described. He said, "For me it was a revelation ... I had no idea of the depth of her thoughts and feelings ... She had kept all these feelings to herself".^[2] The diary nearly didn't make it to the public, after the family who found it, the Gies, found out it named everyone who had helped the Franks, and they feared for prosecution.^[5] Luckily, they didn't realize what was within until after Otto had secured publication.^[5][11]

Anne gained international fame posthumously after her diary was published.^[5] Originally called "The Back House"^[5], Anne's diary was translated from its original Dutch and first published in English in 1952 as "The Diary of a Young Girl".^[2] It has since been translated into 67 languages and sold over 30 million copies.^[5][10][4] It has also been the inspiration for several plays and films.^[2]

Seventy years after the diary was published, Anne's father, Otto, was named as co-author, in an attempt to extend the copyright on the book.^[4] The royalties from the sale of her diary goes to various children's charities across the world, like UNICEF.^[4] Many people were upset with the decision to name Otto as a co-author since most of what he did was editorial.^[4] Others were upset that the book would not enter public domain as quickly.^[4]

Legacy

Apart from her book, Anne's legacy lives on in the many pieces of art around the world honoring her life, as well as the use of her diary to teach people about the difficulty of war and persecution, and the impact one person, no matter their age, can make on their world.

In July 1942, Anne, her sister, Margot, her mother, Edith, and her father went into hiding. They huddled into a secret attic apartment behind the office of the family-owned business at 263 Prinsengracht Street, which would eventually hide four Dutch Jews as well.

While in hiding, Anne kept a diary in which she recorded her fears, hopes, and experiences. She received her first diary on her 13th birthday, June 12, 1942.

On August 4, 1944, Anne, her family, and the others in hiding were arrested by German and Dutch police officials. Her last entry was written on August 1, 1944:

Her and her sister Margot both died at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp of typhus in 1945.

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1}

   Family Chart Otto Heinrich Frank Amsterdam

2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7} Wikipedia Contributors, "Anne Frank", Wikipedia.com
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5} Frank, Anne, "Diary of a Young Girl"
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6} Klein, Christopher, "Anne Frank's Diary Now Has Co-Author, Extended Copyright", History.com, 17 November 2015. Accessed 27 July 2017.
5. ↑ ^{5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15} Conradt, Stacy, "10 Facts About Anne Frank's A Diary of a Young Girl", MentalFloss.com, 12 June 2017. Accessed 27 July 2017. Note: Also contains video of Otto Frank talking about Anne, and the only known footage of Anne, watching a neighbor's wedding
6. ↑

   Transport from Westerbork, 3 September 1944

7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2} www.annefrank.org
8. ↑ Source: Historiek Net Anne and her sister Margot very likely both passed away a month earlier, and already in February 1945 Research Anne Frank Stichting
9. ↑ Find-a-Grave Memorial for Anne Frank, #6870415
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5} Migaki, Lauren, "75 Years Later, Anne Frank's Diary Still Has Much To Teach", NPR.org, 23 June 2017. Accessed 27 July 2017.
11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1 11.2} Levy, Daniel S., "How Anne Frank's Diary Survived", Time.com 12 June 2017. Accessed 27 July 2017.

See Also:

• You Tube Dagboek van Anne Frank (Dutch)
• You Tube Anne Frank - Die wahre Geschichte (2001) - La historia de Ana Frank - con subtítulos en español (part English)
• You Tube Het Verraad van Anne Frank - Een nieuwe theorie (English, German, Dutch)
• NPO Documentary about the queue before the Anne Frank House In de Rij voor Anne Frank

Diary of Anne Frank

Anne Frank ORIGINAL NAME Annelies Marie BIRTH 12 Jun 1929 Frankfurt am Main, Stadtkreis Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany DEATH 12 Mar 1945 (aged 15) Hanover, Region Hannover, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany CENOTAPH Hollywood Forever, Hollywood, Los Angeles County, California, USA PLOT Inside the west gate; South Bldg, South Wall-Garden area MEMORIAL ID Find A Grave: Memorial #9376828